The revolt of 1857 forms one of the most important chapters in the history of the struggle of the Indian people for liberation from the British rule. 3. In 1857 march there was a rumour that the cartilage used in guns were made of flesh of pig. There were six main centres of revolt in these regions namely Kanpur, Lucknow, Bareilly, Jhansi, Gwalior and Arrah in Bihar. [3] Defeated the rebels (Nana Sahib's force) on 17th July, 1857. Dr. Mary Rader (UT), for suggesting the topic and methodology upon which this project has been conceived. THE REVOLT OF 1857. Lack of coordination between the sepoys, peasants, zamindars and other classes, was also a reason. Date. The reasons for the failure of the 1857 Revolt are many and can be grouped into Administrative, Military and Political causes. They were not prepared to cross the ocean (Kalapani) which was forbidden as per Hindu religious beliefs. Emergence of press, development of rapid means of transport and communication, and the impact of the contemporary European movement accelerated the growth of this national sentimence. After all the policies and oppressive actions of the British on Indian masses, on the morning of May 11 th, 1857 Bahadur Shah Zafar was proclaimed Shahenshah-e-Hindustan and the Sepoy Mutiny happened.Interestingly, there was no direct British Rule in India till this point of time. The attack by Mangal Pandey is considered one of the first acts of what came to be known as the Great Rebellion or the Sepoy Mutiny. By the first half of the 19th century, the East India Company had brought major portions of India under its control. On May 10, they marched to Delhi. The Indians, however, developed a deep racial bitterness towards the English and opposed the inferior status granted to them. They were considered inferior to British soldiers. Here we outline the various political and economic factors that helped cause the revolt. Welcome to HistoryDiscussion.net! Many among these groups were unable to meet the heavy revenue demands and repay their loans to money lenders, eventually losing the lands that they had held for generations. All those people who previously depended on royal patronage for their livelihoods were rendered unemployed. Comparative lack of efficient leadership. [3] In March 1857, Mangal Pandey, a sepoy in Barrackpore, had refused to use the cartridge and attacked his senior officers. of Attempts, AIBE XVI 2021- All About Eligibility, Exam Pattern, Syllabus, Admit Card, Result, Important Dates, Government Jobs Exams Dates 2020 LIVE Updates: CGPSC , MAHADISCOM, WBPSC, RPSC, HPPSC, RSMSSB, BPSC, SSC and all live Updates, IBSAT 2020 Admit Card - Available Now, Direct Link Available, CGPSC Document Verification Schedule 2020 Released for Assistant Grade 3, Stenographer and other posts @psc.cg.gov.in, Check Details. THE OUTBURST On 9th May 1857 some sepoys in Meerut revolted against their British officers. Social and Religious Causes: The British had abandoned its policy of non-interference in the socio-religious life of the Indians. The Indian sepoys in Meerut murdered their British officers and broke open the jail. THE REVOLT OF 1857 “The Sepoy Mutiny” 2. The Revolt of 1857 was an unsuccessful but heroic effort to eliminate foreign rule. Thousands of innocent people were massacred and hundreds were hanged. These soldiers lost their means of livelihood. The rebels were either hanged or blown to pieces by canons. The Revolt of 1857, also regarded as India's First War of Independence is an extremely important event of Indian history. One consequence of the mutiny was the establishment of direct British governance of India. The sever famines which devoured millions of people remained issues, that were never addressed. 1.1 Lack of Planning and Co-ordination; 1.2 Weak Leadership of the 1857 Mutiny; 2 Military Causes of Failure of 1857 Revolt. Hakim Ahsanullah (Chief advisor to Bahadur Shah II), Begum Hazrat Mahal, Birjis Qadir, Ahmadullah (advisor of the ex-Nawab of Awadh), Nana Sahib, Rao Sahib (nephew of Nana), Tantia Tope, Azimullah Khan (advisor of Nana Sahib), Maulvi Ahmadullah (He declared the Revolt as Jihad against English). 22 Jan, 1857. The Revolt of 1857 started as a sepoy mutiny. Sepoys in the Presidency of Bengal revolted against their British officers. It began as a revolt of the sepoys of the Company’s army but eventually secured the participation of the masses. Karl Marx in the summer of 1857 expressed the same doubt in the pages of New York Daily Tribune: “What he (John Bull) considers a military mutiny”, he wrote, “Is in truth a national revolt”. National movement in 20th century drew its inspiration from the events of 1857. But his brilliant commander Tantia Tope continued the struggle. Both Hindu and Muslim sepoys refused to use them. The main causes were disunity of the Indians, lack of complete nationalism etc. This incident sparked off a general mutiny among the sepoys of Meerut. In rural areas, peasants and zamindars resented the heavy taxes on land and the stringent methods of revenue collection followed by the Company. Although serious and, in some cases, long drawn, these did not pose any serious threat to the existence of the British Empire. It began on May 10, 1857 when Indian sepoys from the East Indian Company's army created a mutiny in Meerut that soon spread throughout the central and northern India cities. It was merely a product of Sepoy but was accumulated grievances of the people against the Company’s administration and of their dislike for the foreign regime. British forces surrendered on 27th on the promised of safe conduct to Allahabad. During the Indian Mutiny of 1857. An Act in 1850 changed the Hindu law of inheritance enabling a Hindu who had converted into Christianity to inherit his ancestral properties. Causes of the Revolt of 1857 Political Economic Military Social Administrative ... Ss project history Yash Chopra. Later on, the Rani was joined by Tantia Tope and together they marched to Gwalior and captured it. Lucknow was the capital of Awadh. The modern intelligent Indians also didn't support the cause. Course and Spread of the Revolt: The revolt spread to Berhampur in Bengal. Besides, the missionaries were allowed to make conversions to Christianity all over India. • The Indian sepoys were required to work far off without extra Bhatta or payment. In this article, we have summarized the causes, impact, importance, and outcomes of the revolt. As mutineers were captured, they were often killed on the spot, and many were executed in dramatic fashion. The Revolt of 1857 II, created hostility among the ruling class.1 had been preceded by a series of disturbances in different parts of the country from the late eighteenth Moreover, the sentiments of the people were hurt century onwards. Finally the British forces captured Lucknow. The Revolt of 1857 —the First War of Independence! Began as mutiny of sepoys (Indian soldiers of the British East India Company's army on 10 May 1857, in the town of Meerut. Before loading these rifles the sepoys had to bite off the paper on the cartridges. On July 8, 1858, fourteen months after the outbreak at Meerut, peace was finally proclaimed by Canning. Sind, Rajputana, Kashmir, most parts of Punjab. The tenure of Dalhousie was pathetic as far as concerns of the Indian natives are concerned. … The old king was captured and later deported to Rangoon where he died in 1862. This was the official beginning of the ‘Great Revolt’. 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Revolt of 1857 (Sepoy Mutiny) multiple choice questions for your upcoming exams like SSC, CGL, IAS Railway etc. After all the policies and oppressive actions of the British on Indian masses, on the morning of May 11 th, 1857 Bahadur Shah Zafar was proclaimed Shahenshah-e-Hindustan and the Sepoy Mutiny happened.Interestingly, there was no direct British Rule in India till this point of time. Description: The Indian sepoys were required to work far off without extra Bhatta or payment. The army was carefully reorganized to prevent the recurrence of such an event. Fighting in some places continued well into 1858, but the British were ultimately able to establish control. Indian handicraft industries had to compete with cheap machine- made goods from Britain. The revolt spread over the entire area from the neighbourhood of Patna to the borders of Rajasthan. Acknowledgement – Indian Revolt of 1857. Tantia Tope was finally defeated, arrested and hanged. This project would not have been possible without the guidance and assistance of a few people that need duly acknowledged as a form of my gratitude. Killed Bahadur Shah's sons and grandsons in Delhi. Died at Lucknow in December 1857. It failed to have the character of an all-India struggle.Important rulers like Sindhia, Holkar, Rana of Jodhpur and others did not support the rebels. His sons were shot dead. It was after this that the Nationalistic Movement in the country gathered momentum. However, recent researches have proved that the cartridge was not the only cause for this revolt. In 1856 Lord Canning issued the General Services Enlistment Act which required that the sepoys must be ready to serve even in British land across the sea. Table of Contents. The 1857 war of Independence, or Indian Rebellion of 1857, was the first Indian war of Independence and it was contained on June 20,1858 with the fall of Gwalior. Indian Revolt of 1857The Indian revolt of 1857 was a widespread Indian rebellion against British rule. Jaitpur, Sambalpur and Udaipur were also annexed. There are various names for the revolt of 1857 – India’s First War of Independence, Sepoy Mutiny, etc. The Revolt of 1857 paved the way for the future struggle for freedom in India. Final reoccupation of Lucknow on 21 st March, 1858. Sepoys in the Presidency of Bengal revolted against their British officers. Revolt of 1857 (Sepoy Mutiny) multiple choice questions for your upcoming exams like SSC, CGL, IAS Railway etc. Greased cartridges cause unrest. The 1857 war of Independence, or Indian Rebellion of 1857, was the first Indian war of Independence and it was contained on June 20,1858 with the fall of Gwalior. Economic Causes: British rule led to the breakdown of the village self-sufficiency, commercialization of agriculture which burdened the peasantry, adoption of free trade imperialism from 1800, de-industrialization, and drain of wealth all of which led to the overall decline of the economy. While British historians called it the Sepoy Mutiny, Indian historians named it the Revolt of 1857 or the First War of Indian Independence. On 9 May 1857, they were severely punished for this. The Meerut Mutiny (May 9, 1857) marked the beginning of the Revolt of 1857. It was only later on that other elements of society joined the revolt. Causes of the Revolt of 1857. The Post Office Act of 1854 withdrew the free postage facility for them. She died, fighting to the very end. In Kanpur the revolt was led by Nana Saheb, the adopted son of Peshwa Baji Rao II. Dr. Mary Rader (UT), for suggesting the topic and methodology upon which this project has been conceived. The Revolt of 1857 was an unsuccessful but heroic effort to eliminate foreign rule. The Indian public which does not like sudden changes was applied with the new laws and customs which were anathema to the … The queen escaped to Nepal. Before sharing your knowledge on this site, please read the following pages: 1. In this context, mention may be made of the rebellions of the Bhils of Madhya Pradesh, the Santhals of Bihar and the Gonds and Khonds of Orissa. Indian Mutiny, widespread but unsuccessful rebellion begun in 1857 against British rule in India. One hundred years after the Battle of Plassey, anger against the unjust and oppressive British Government took the form of a revolt that shook the very foundations of British rule in India. The revolt marked the end of the East India Company’s rule in India. Defense against Nana Sahib's forces till 26th June 1857. It began on 10 May 1857 at Meerut, as a mutiny of sepoys of the British East India Company's army. Although the revolt was fairly widespread, a large part of the country remained unaffected by it. The Revolt of 1857 had been preceded by a series of disturbances in different parts of the country from the late eighteenth century onwards. Summarized View of Major Events in the Revolt of 1857. Captured Delhi on 20th September 1857 (Nicholson died soon due to a mortal wound received during the fighting). They were required to serve in areas far away from their homes. The annexation of Awadh by Lord Dalhousie on the pretext of maladministration left thousands of nobles, officials, retainers and soldiers jobless. On 10 May 1857, these rebel soldiers killed their British officers, released their imprisoned comrades and hoisted the flag of revolt. … Learning of the fall of Delhi by telegraph, many British administrators hastened to remove themselves, their families and servants to places of safety. The revolt was mainly feudal in character carrying with it some nationalist elements. So they bore a deep- seated grievance against the British. On 24 th April 1857 about ninety men of the Native Cavalry stationed at Meerut refused to accept the greased cartridges. There are various names for the revolt of 1857 – India’s First War of Independence, Sepoy Mutiny, etc. We know how the British got their strong hold in India. Historians have identified diverse political, economic, military, religious and social causes of the Indian Rebellion of 1857.. An uprising in several sepoy companies of the Bengal army was sparked by the issue of new gunpowder cartridges for the Enfield rifle in February 1857. The main causes were disunity of the Indians, lack of complete nationalism etc. The Religious Disabilities Act of 1850 modified the traditional Hindu law. Suppressed the revolt at Jhansi and recaptured Gwalior on 20th June, 1858. In Delhi the mutineers were joined by the Delhi sepoys and the city came under their control. It began on 10 May 1857 at Meerut, as a mutiny of sepoys of the British East India Company 's army. The sepoys wanted an end to the British rule and make Bahadur Shah Zafar their leader. Military Grievances: The extension of British dominion in India had adversely affected the service condition of the Sepoys. The rebels lacked resources in terms of men and money. In a recent project, historian D. Kirti Narain uncovers the veil of anonymity surrounding scores of women — royals, aristocrats, courtesans, and commoners — … In Jhansi, the twenty-two-year-old Rani Lakshmi Bai led the rebels when the British refused to accept the claim of her adopted son to the throne of Jhansi. History, Indian History, Freedom Struggle, Revolts, The Revolt of 1857. 6 ABOUT THE NEW CARTRIDGE The economic exploitation by the British and the complete destruction of the traditional economic structure caused widespread resentment among all sections of the people. The feelings of the unrest that was growing among the Indians finally got manifested in the form of revolt of 1857. UPSC IAS 2020 Exam: Click here to get the Complete 30 Days Study Plan to score high in Prelims. It was by far the largest, most widespread, and dangerous threat to British rule in India in the nineteenth century1 following the Battle of Plassey in 1757 and Battle of Buxar in 1764. But she was ultimately defeated by the English. At Agra, 160 miles from Delhi, more than 6000 civilians converged on the Fort, leaving the area in haste. Privacy Policy3. Canning tried to make amends for the error and the offending cartridges were withdrawn, but by then the damage had been done. Christian missionaries were allowed to enter India and carry on with their mission of proselytizing. Its causes lay deeply embedded in the grievances that all sections of Indian society nurtured against the British rule. Who died during the seizure of British residency by rebels at Lucknow on 2nd July, 1857! 1. It began when Indian troops (sepoys) in the service of Britain’s East India Company refused to use purportedly tainted weaponry. The refusal to continue the pension of Nana Saheb, the adopted son of Baji Rao II, created hostility among the ruling class. You can Read First GK> Revolt of 1857 – Sepoy Mutiny – Study Notes [PDF] Q.1 Which place is not a center of sepoy mutiny? The mutiny-rebellion has been the topic of fierce historical controversy. Revolt of 1857 important GK Questions answers PDF. The Revolt of 1857 - Free download as Powerpoint Presentation (.ppt), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or view presentation slides online. During the Indian Mutiny of 1857. The Indian Revolt of 1857 Brought the End of the East India Company . The Great Rebellion of 1857 or what was supposed to be a ‘sepoy mutiny’ has undoubtedly been a major landmark in colonial South Asian history.1. In Bihar the revolt was led by Kunwar Singh. Later, a large-scale rebellion broke out in May and turned into what may be called a full-fledged war in the affected region. 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According to it, the change in religion would not debar a son from inheriting the property of his heathen father. Our mission is to provide an online platform to help students to discuss anything and everything about history. The revolt of 1857 was the conscious beginning of the Independence struggle against the colonial tyranny of the British. Revolt of 1857 - First War of Independence Against British The revolt of 1857 was the conscious beginning of the Independence struggle against the colonial tyranny of the British. India now came under the direct rule of the British Crown. Image Source: 51ec5c0d06ef68842cbd-eb61d9770b9e4a1d2dacebe5287fbc1d.r85.cf2.rackcdn.com/3354F365-60F8-40DE-99E9-58ACE0BCAA35.jpg. They were required to serve in an area away from their homes without the payment of extra Bhatta. The rebellion began on 10 May 1857 in the form of a mutiny of sepoys of the Company's army in the garrison town of Meerut, 40 mi (64 km) northeast of Delhi (now Old Delhi). The victory was short- lived. This incident sparked off a general mutiny among the sepoys of Meerut. There the mutinous sepoys were joined by the disbanded soldiers from the old Awadh army. They developed the suspicion that the Government was trying to convert Indians to Christianity.After the annexation of Awadh the Nawab’s army was disbanded. It was suppressed by the middle of 1858. Rani Lakshmi Bai escaped. The issue of greased cartridges and military grievances has been over-emphasized, as the factor for the Revolt of 1857. The rebels lacked an effective leader. 2. It was started on 10 May 1857 at Meerut, as a mutiny of sepoys of the British East India Company's army. The Sanyasi Rebellion in North Bengal and the Chunar rebellion in Bihar and Bengal broke out in the late eighteenth century. Large numbers of sepoys were drawn from the peasantry and had family ties in villages, so the grievances of the peasants also affected them. India was transformed into a supplier of raw materials and a consumer of goods manufactured in Britain. Fierce fighting followed. the revolt of 1857 was very important in determining Indian history. A sepoy, Mangal Pandey on 29 th March 1857, killed senior officers on parade and started the revolt. 3. The Indian Rebellion of 1857 Nilesh Sawkare. For six days there was desperate fighting. 3. New cartridges cause concern amongst sepoys at Dum Dum. Berhampore and Barrackpore see outbreaks. It was started on 10 May 1857 at Meerut, as a mutiny of sepoys of the British East India Company's army. The tenure of Dalhousie was pathetic as far as concerns of the Indian natives are concerned. The feelings of the unrest that was growing among the Indians finally got manifested in the form of revolt of 1857. Recapture of Bareilly on 5th May, 1858. The Revolt of 1857, the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the Uprising of 1857, the Great Rebellion, the Indian Mutiny, the Sepoy Mutiny, are the different names for India’s First War of Independence against the British. There was unrest in several places. By the first half of the 19th century, the East India Company had brought major portions of India under its control. Political Causes: The last major extension of the British Indian territory took place during the time of Dalhousie. Soon there was a rebellion in the Meerut Cantonment. 1. The revolt began on May 10, 1857, at Meerut as a sepoy mutiny. An important cause of Military discontent was the General Service Enlistment Act, 1856, which made it compulsory for the sepoys to cross the seas, whenever required. At Be… Jan- Mar, 1857. 2. The Revolt of 1857 is also called the Sepoy Mutiny or India's First War of Independence. 1. Nana Saheb, Tantia Tope and Rani Lakshmi Bai were brave leaders, no doubt, but they could not offer effective leadership to the movement as a whole. This website uses cookie or similar technologies, to enhance your browsing experience and provide personalised recommendations. Suppressed the revolt at Arrah in August 1857. [RAS/RTS 2012] A: Ajmer […] Indian Revolt of 1857The Indian revolt of 1857 was a widespread Indian rebellion against British rule. The Revolt of 1857 was a prolonged period of armed uprising as well as rebellions in Northern and Central India against British occupation of that part of the subcontinent. 16. The Doctrine of Lapse was abolished. The Revolt of 1857 eventually broke out over the incident of greased cartridges. Gwalior was recaptured by the British. Indian Mutiny, also called Sepoy Mutiny or First War of Independence, widespread but unsuccessful rebellion against British rule in India in 1857–59. The Indian public which does not like sudden changes was applied with the new laws and customs which were anathema to the … The revolt was suppressed with terrible vengeance. After the Industrial Revolution in England, there was an influx of British manufactured goods into India which ruined industries, particularly the textile industry, of India. Revolt of 1857: Sepoys’started revolt by capturing the arms from stores and plundering the treasury, afterward they attacked and ransack all government offices like jail, treasury-, telegraph office, record room, bungalows etc. He joined the revolt primarily because he was deprived of his pension by the British. The political causes of the revolt may be traced to the British policy of expansion through the Doctrine of Lapse and direct annexation. fINTRODUCTION The Rebellion of 1857 (also known as the Indian Mutiny) was a watershed event in the history of British India. At Agra, 160 miles from Delhi, more than 6000 civilians converged on the Fort, leaving the area in haste. Thus ended the imperial dynasty of the Mughals. Mangal Pandey On March 29, 1857, on the parade ground at Barrackpore, a sepoy named Mangal Pandey fired the first shot of the uprising. Title: THE REVOLT OF 1857 1 THE REVOLT OF 1857 2 THE GREAT REVOLT THE FIRST WAR OF INDEPENDENCE 3 (No Transcript) 4 Mangal Pandey 5 THE OUT BURST. Abolition of Sati (1829), Hindu Widow Remarriage Act (1856). Some British officers trusted their sepoys, but others tried to disarm them to forestall uprisings. The great uprising of 1857 was an important landmark in the history of modern India. Died at Lucknow while fighting against the rebels. The revolt of 1857 created a big gap between the different religious communities especially the Hindus and the Muslims as each blamed the other for its failure. A large section of the population was alarmed by the rapid spread of Western civilization in India. which actively helped the British. The sever famines which devoured millions of people remained issues, that were never addressed. It was initiated by sepoys in the Bengal Presidency against the British officers. The ‘Bengal Army’ was recruited from high caste communities in Awadh. On 10 May 1857, these rebel soldiers killed their British officers, released their imprisoned comrades and hoisted the flag of revolt. The English educated middle class, the rich merchants, traders and zamindars of Bengal helped the British to suppress the revolt. [RAS/RTS 2012] A: Ajmer […] At Kanpur, he killed Indians as revenge against the killing of English by Nana Sahib's forces. Prof. Indrani Chatterjee (UT), for teaching and guiding me towards Marx and his changing perspective vis-a-vis the revolt of 1857. Grate freedom fighter, Barrister V.D. Revolt of 1857 important GK Questions answers PDF. At Be… The Indian Rebellion of 1857 is also called the Indian Mutiny, the Sepoy Mutiny, India's First War of Independence or India's first struggle for independence. The news of the events at Delhi spread rapidly, sparking uprisings in many districts. There were several peasant uprisings in the mid- nineteenth century, the most important of which were those by the Moplah peasants of the Malabar and the Faraizi movement by Muslim peasants in Bengal. Chief Commissioner of Awadh. Lack of coordination between the sepoys, peasants, zamindars and other classes, was also a reason. The revolt was mainly confined to the Doab region. Indian sepoys formed more than 87% of British troops in India. He was hanged to death on 8th April. Small precursors of brewing discontent involving incidences of arson in cantonment areas began to manifest themselves in January. TOS4. In Britain and in the West, it was almost always portrayed as a series of unreasonable and bloodthirsty uprisings spurred by falsehoods about religious insensitivity. The Revolt of 1857 was an extremely important event in Indian history. The revolt of 1857 is regarded by many as the First War of Indian Independence. On 9 May 1857, they were severely punished for this. The policies and laws introduced by the Company created discontentment among the rulers, landlords, peasants, tribals and sepoys and all wanted an end to the … In 1857 march there was a rumour that the cartilage used in guns were made of flesh of pig. They became bitter enemies of the British. [3] You can Read First GK> Revolt of 1857 – Sepoy Mutiny – Study Notes [PDF] Q.1 Which place is not a center of sepoy mutiny? Thus, Indian administration was taken over by Queen Victoria, which, in effect, meant the British Parliament. The Revolt of 1857 —the First War of Independence! 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