4. Use comma(s) if its a non-defining relative clause and do not use comma(s) if its a defining relative clause. I They have been studying cancer genes for years. Punctuate. It takes lots of practice, so make sure to write down what you learn … who whose. We now mainly use it after prepositions: I am referring to the person with whom you were seen on that evening. 1) February, which is the second month of the year, is the month ---- many of my colleagues take vacation for skiing. High taxation is often the main reason which governments fall. answer choices . Mass tourism which is a relatively recent, 2          phenomenon, brings with it a whole raft of problems. Choose the correct pronoun – WHO, WHICH or WHERE from the drop-down menu. We often use a relative clause with the same pattern for emphasis, with introductory It: It is always violent crime that provokes the most extreme reaction from the public. You can put the photo wherever you think it looks best. Complete the following article by writing each missing relative pronoun or adverb in the space provided. (Before doing the exercises you may want to read the lesson on relative clauses ) Choose the correct relative … 12        Jack has prepared-his favourite dish from Delia Smith’s recipe-book, which he is about to-eat- => Jack has prepared his favourite dish, which he is about to eat, from Delia Smith’s recipe book. She plans to marry her childhood sweetheart whom she has known since they were five. This is the house which Jack built. We can use which or that + a preposition instead of when: The attacks continued up to the day on which the agreement was signed. Reducing relative clauses is difficult to understand. 1 The body of a man………………………………………………………………………………………………………, 2 The fashion icon Mary Quant ………………………………………………………………………………………, 3 The global warming conference ……………………………………………………………………………………, 4 Formula 1 driver Eddie Irvine………………………………………………………………………………………. Test your … Note: We do not use that in non-defining relative clauses: X  This offer, that will not be repeated, must end next week. Then write one sentence containing a relative clause (defining or non-defining) to combine each headline and sentence that accompanies it. 11        which this shop makes-them => which this shop makes. Jack has prepared his favourite dish from Delia Smith’s recipe book, which he is about to eat. There is another world in New York beyond the tourist attractions and the high-rise blocks (0)…which C…… It’s a world (1)….. and pay several thousand dollars for a dress (2)……… These are women for whom one of the modern-day necessities is having a personal car and driver in New York, (3)            ………….These women, however, are not only interested in designer clothes and facelifts, but they are also serious philanthropists, many of (4)…….. for charity. Exercise on Relative Clauses (Contact clauses) Relative Pronouns (who / which / whose) Choose the correct relative pronoun (who, which, whose). may help to lift British summertime TV out of its regular slump. Menu. The bank robbery what I told you about is in the local newspaper. ‘Who’, ‘that’, and ‘which’ … 2. It is therefore unnecessary to repeat the noun from the main clause or introduce a personal pronoun to replace it: X    I used to live in one of those houses that they have now been demolished. Defining and Non-defining Relative Clauses. Note that that can be used in informal English instead of who/whom/which but it is never used after commas, i.e. Englisch-hilfen.de/ Relative pronouns – who, which, whose – Exercise. who eventually became my father-in-law (  ), at a Law Society meeting. Choose the best sentence to describe each cartoon. 7  A The politician who was disgraced in a financial scandal has handed in his resignation. Relative Clauses – Exercise 1. Staff (5) who are currently living at the school will be found alternative housing by the local council. which where. Download full-size image from Pinterest . We interviewed fourteen applicants for the post, none of whom we thought suitable. (= the thing that I wanted). The town hall clock played a different tune at twelve every day, The jackets which this shop makes them are of excellent quality. Do the exercises below on relative clauses and click on the button to check your answers. A hotel is a place. To play this quiz, please finish editing it. Have you invited the residents who living here on a temporary basis to the meeting? ✓ It was the money (that) I wanted, not the fame. Try the given relative pronouns on the sentences below. The first episode opens to a scene (2)………. 17        empathy, what should be one of the main advantages of tourism. Task No. In most lines, there is an unnecessary word, a word missing or a punctuation error. Families whose incomes are below a certain level pay no income tax. High taxation is often the main reason for which governments fall. Tutorial 8 - Grammar Practice (Relative Clauses).docx, morning power up session english language essay.txt, Tutorial 3-Paraphrasing and Summary Writing.docx, James Cook University Singapore • FDN FS0100, 292729495-Historical-Materialism-K-WIP.docx, Students_Lecture 2 Literary Analysis.pptx, 20140224-postnl-annual-report-2013_tcm9-15599.pdf, James Cook University Singapore • BU 1002. 0          Tourism today is an industry V has grown so much in recent years that in many   which, 00        countries it provides the greatest single contribution to the country’s revenue          ✓, 1          But is it always a good thing? We use non-defining relative clauses mainly in writing and formal speech. There are two types of relative clause: defining clauses (identifying the noun or classifying it as part of a group) and non-defining clauses (adding information about the noun). While this kind of destruction may be wholly, 12        unintentional, a certain type of tourist what wants only a ‘good time’ can be, 13        very destructive in a different way: they drink too much, pick fights and, 14        destroy the clubs and bars where they are drinking in. 15        the city where I grew up in-. Linda, which who whose. 3 D The global warming conference, which was held in The Hague, has ended without agreement. We cannot omit the pronoun if it is the subject of the clause: X  The girl works for the florist in the High Street was at the party. people stay when they're on holiday. Essential and Aditional Relative Clauses. It’s usually children from deprived backgrounds. 7: We can use that as an alternative to when in defining relative clauses: I remember – it was the day when/ that the heatwave started. We usually put the relative clause as close as possible to the noun it refers to, otherwise the meaning may not be clear: X  Jack has prepared his favourite dish from Jamie Smith’s recipe book, which he is about to eat. Exercise 1 - Defining relative clauses. We often use modifiers, such as all of and many of before which or whom in a non- defining relative clause to refer to the subject or object of the clause: The supermarket removed from the shelves all of its jars of tomato puree, several of which were found to contain fragments of glass. Here, the pronoun is the subject of the relative clause (the film won the Oscars), even though it is the object of the main clause (I saw the film). In defining relatives, the relative clause gives information which is necessary for the sense of the sentence. Brockenhurst was founded by (2) Sir Patrick McDonald, who comes from Inverness, at a time when new educational theories were welcomed by the establishment and experiments in education were supported. …………………………. The use of commas reflects the way we say the two types of relative clause. Although Sir Patrick himself was unavailable for comment, a spokesperson for the school told us. Is that your car? Reduced Relative Clauses Reduced relative clauses exercise adapted from Life by National Geographic ID: 21250 Language: English School subject: English as a Second Language (ESL) Grade/level: Upper Intermediate / Advanced Age: 12+ Main content: Relative clauses … The college entered over a hundred students for the exam, all of whom passed. Exercises. They take home pieces of an ancient monument, 10        or of a coral reef which will gradually result in erosion of the attractions and, 11        therefore of the industry. Mozart’s birthplace and the house that he composed The Magic Flute’ in are both now museums. Note: We cannot omit an object relative pronoun in non-defining relative clauses: X  Last year’s winner presented the cup, each holder keeps for the year. 1 H The body of a man who jumped off the Severn Bridge has been found in the River Severn. I don’t mind. 3: We can use that to refer to people or objects, but we usually prefer to use who for a person when the pronoun is the subject of the relative clause: Ms Harrison is the lawyer who/that has been chosen to represent you. We are at the beginning of a medical revolution, according to an article that appeared in, Dubai which is a small country in the Middle East has many tall buildings. Thus the ground is prepared in this first episode for a series (10)………. 1. main clause                                                      relative clause. Do you need help? ... What are the two types of relative clauses? This unit examines both types of relative clause and the pronouns and adverbs used to introduce relative clauses. Decide … This ‘Queen of New York Society’, (6)……….. visiting elementary schools and attending charity dinners, has raised $4 million in one evening alone. watch had stopped didn’t know that he was late. By exercises_admin On 31 July 2016 In Grammar Exercises Relative Clauses Who, Which, That Quiz with Answers (Online) Relative clauses are clauses starting with the relative pronouns who*, … Relative Clauses Practice Adjective Clauses Exercise Adverbial Clauses Exercise Relative Pronouns Exercise 1 Relative Pronouns Exercise 2 IF vs When Exercise PDF Exercises: Worksheet 1 / 2. If the relative pronoun is not followed by a verb (but by a noun or pronoun), the relative pronoun is an object pronoun. We can do this with a participle phrase: Marilyn was the woman living in the flat underneath us at the time (= … who  lived/was living in …), The clauses struck out of the agreement were all unimportant. => where they are drinking./that/which they are drinking in. (All of the tribespeople retained their land, and, incidentally, they traded with the settlers. The goal of this exercise is not that you can use relative clauses perfectly after it. You may want to revise the topic before you do this exercise. Another possibility is to use an infinitive phrase: Newton was the first person to really understand the laws of gravity. F It was in danger of closing through lack of. 9: We use what to mean ‘the thing that/ which’. Finish Editing. The writers have managed to find a different angle on his personal problems. Find the mistakes and correct them. Exercise to practice relative clauses. C His contract with Ferrari finishes at the end of the season. Defining relative clauses We use defining relative clauses to specify which person, thing or place we are talking about. At the centre of these problems is his stepdaughter, for (6)……… he attempts to keep the household together. He stops at a phone box and makes a desperate call. This is a ratified life in (8)………., but which does a lot of good for the less fortunate. 9 Madonna’s house in the UK ……………………………………………………………………………………….. the whole clause acts as a noun, either a subject or an object. SIZE 16 MODEL WINS NEW ESTEE LAUDER CONTRACT. …….which……. who, which, where We use who for people. We usually use non-defining relative clauses to add extra information about the subject of a main clause: ITV’s News at Ten, which occupied the mid-evening slot for many years, was a very popular programme. My best friend who is from Italy moves his hands a lot when he is talking. Brockenhurst School, which opened as an educational experiment in 1974. is to close this summer. Relative clauses in English - grammar exercises. Relative Clauses. In this example what you told me yesterday is the object of the verb tell. We often use them to avoid repeating information. ✓  Last year’s winner presented the cup, which each holder keeps for the year. Note: In US English that is more common than which or who in defining relative clauses. ✓ Jack has prepared his favourite dish, which he is about to eat, from Jamie Smith’s recipe book. Can you get me one of those chocolate bars have got toffee in the middle? These clauses give information about someone or something in the main clause. => the city where I grew up./the city which/that I grew up in. she joins the staff of a college at (9)………… she meets a former lover. We can also use non-defining relative clauses to show consecutive actions: Heskey passed the ball to Owen, who scored a magnificent goal. lives in that house? 9  E Madonna s house in the UK, which she shares with her British partner, Guy Ritchie, has been burgled. 1 The man . Jack of Hearts is a new six-part drama series (0) ..which/ that …comes to our screens this week. ID: 530072 Language: English School subject: English as a Second Language (ESL) Grade/level: Primero/ Segundo de secundaria Age: 12-15 Main content: Relative clauses … Relative clauses are subordinate clauses introduced by relative pronouns, such as that, which or who. 6     F London Zoo, which was in danger of closing through lack of funds, has remained open. 20        most of them proved => most of which proved. It would only be possible to colonise planets whose atmosphere contained enough oxygen to sustain human life. we shorten it by omitting the pronoun and verb. Note:  If we put a preposition before who, the pronoun always becomes whom. Combine the following sentences into one sentence using relative clauses. A He was disgraced in a financial scandal.B They were spoiled in the recent US presidential election. Indicate these lines with a tick (✓). 4: It is possible, though not very common, to use whose to refer to objects. I have a new car. J She is famous for inventing the mini-skirt. We usually use commas to separate the relative clause from the main clause in non-defining relatives, but we do not use them in defining relatives: The tribespeople, who traded with the settlers, retained their land. In defining relative clauses we can modify the pronoun or adverb with –ever to give the meaning of anything, anyone, anywhere, etc. A boy sister is in … Introducing Textbook Solutions. Free Practice Tests for learners of English. He … In an explanation of (7)……….., she admits that she tries to stimulate competition amongst her wealthy and famous guests. seems to be a bad-tempered, grumpy woman, is further compromised later in the series (8)…………. => St Andrew’s Hospice, which opened last year. We can use prepositions with relative pronouns. A defining relative clause identifies or classifies a noun or pronoun in the main clause: (In the second example, the relative clause classifies the members of a group.). It means the same as: Why don’t you tell the police the story (that) you told me yesterday. Obviously, it is then, 15        this behaviour by that the local community judges all members of that, 16        nationality group, creating enmity between races rather than fostering. Read the following text. Match each headline (1-10) with a sentence (A-J). In this phrases and clauses quiz you have to decide whether the highlighted part of the sentence is a phrase or a clause. Advertisements. The new buyer identified a dozen new sources for the material, most of them proved to be reliable. While ‘what’ isn’t used in the same way as ‘that’ or ‘which’ it can fulfil the same functions as the other relative pronouns: Why don’t you tell the police what you told me yesterday? All the staff and students (9) who have been participating over the years will agree that this is a sad day not only for the local community but for education in this country as a whole.’, (0) who are currently employed by the school  => currently employed by the school. However, in recent years, such initiatives have been frowned upon as successive governments have urged a ‘back- to-basics’ approach. 1 which           2 where           3 who/ whom/that, 4 whose           5 which           6 whom, 7 who              8 when            9 which           10 which/that. What's the name of the woman. B         only the privileged can take part, C         most of us can only dream about, F          women hire private jets to go shopping. 2: Note that we always use which (not who) to refer to inanimate objects. (main clause = ITV’s News at Ten was a very popular programme.). Some find wherever work, 6          they can, but others may turn to a government is already receiving lower, 8          Second, it is true that in many countries tourists are destroying the very, 9          sights they flock to see them. Compare these examples: I used to live in one of those houses. Tutorial 8 - Grammar Practice (Relative Clauses).docx - FS0204 Tutorial 8 \u2013 Relative Clause Exercise 1 Identify if the sentences consist of defining, Identify if the sentences consist of defining or non-defining relative clauses. 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