However, there is no escaping the Why column's importance as it provides the business drivers for all the other columns. SABSA closely follows the Zachman Framework and is adapted to a security focus. When done by IT the lower level of focus is on information technology, however it can apply equally to physical material (ball valves, piping, transformers, fuse boxes for example) and the associated physical processes, roles, locations etc. Of course, no such enterprise may exist in practice, but use of the Zachman framework to analyze existing problems and guide future plans would lead organizations toward that ideal. How to use Zachman Framework Zachman Framework provides structured and disciplined way of defining an enterprise. [16] In searching for an objective, independent basis upon which to develop a framework for information systems architecture, Zachman looked at the field of classical architecture, and a variety of complex engineering projects in industry. Zachman Framework is also used as a framework to describe standards, for example standards for healthcare and healthcare information system. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2006. Within a government organization the framework can be applied to an entire agency at an abstract level, or it can be applied to various departments, offices, programs, subunits and even to basic operational entities. The title "Zachman Framework" refers to The Zachman Framework for Enterprise Architecture with version 3.0 being the most current. He saw a similar approach and concluded that architectures exist on many levels and involves at least three perspectives: raw material or data, function of processes, and location or networks. It allows for multiple perspectives and categorization of business artifacts. "Process-Based Planning in Information Resource Management". In the early 1980s however, according to Zachman, there was "little interest in the idea of Enterprise Reengineering or Enterprise Modeling and the use of formalisms and models was generally limited to some aspects of application development within the Information Systems community".[20]. The Zachman Since the 1990s the Zachman Framework has been widely used as a means of providing structure for information technology engineering-style enterprise modeling. Since the 1990s several extended frameworks have been proposed, such as: The basic idea behind the Zachman Framework is that the same complex thing or item can be described for different purposes in different ways using different types of descriptions (e.g., textual, graphical). Zachman believes many companies are particularly guilty of this type of thinking, which he attributes to a tendency to think that there isn t any work being done unless the code is up and running. Further modeling by mapping between columns in the framework identifies gaps in the documented state of the organization. Keri Anderson Healey assisted by creating a model of the models (the framework metamodel) which was also included in the article. Somewhere in between the VA Zachman Framework Portal was constructed. Each cell of the framework contains such a series of standards for healthcare and healthcare information system.[33]. The Zachman Framework reification transformations are: Identification, Definition, Representation, Specification, Configuration and Instantiation. The example Enterprise Architect model for the Zachman Framework UML profiles (Toolbox pages) for use within specific Zachman Framework cells [24], The kinds of models or architectural descriptive representations are made explicit at the intersections of the rows and columns. [31] The Zachman Framework can be applied both in commercial companies and in government agencies. The framework does not define a methodology for an architecture. The Who, When and Why columns were brought into public view, the notion of the four levels of metaframeworks and a depiction of integration associations across the perspectives were all outlined in the paper. It is a comprehensive, logical structure for the descriptive representations (i.e., models or design artefacts) of any complex object, and it It is also recursive in that it can be used to analyze the architectural composition of itself. Durward P. Jackson (1992). Zachman Framework is a diagram with two axes. [26], Each perspective must take into account the requirements of the other perspectives and the restraint those perspectives impose. Once identified, duplication of function and inconsistency in data definition can be identified and resolved, . In 1982 Zachman[14] had already concluded that these analyses could reach far beyond automating systems design and managing data into the realms of strategic business planning and management science in general. Geiger, 1997. Vladan Jovanovic et all (2006) presents a Zachman Cube, an extended of the Zachman Framework into a multidimensional Zachman's Cube. Eventually an enterprise architecture repository was created at the macro level by the Zachman framework and at a cell level by the meta-model outlined below.[39]. Zachman Framework is also used as a framework to describe standards, for example standards for healthcare and healthcare information system. Using the Zachman Framework Get started with the Zachman Framework, learning about the model structure, templates, diagram types and more. The Zachman Framework Help topics provide a detailed exploration of the Zachman Framework tools and features, such as. In: Vladan Jovanovic, Stevan Mrdalj & Adrian Gardiner (2006). The Zachman Framework for Enterprise Architecture, sometimes simply referred to as the "Zachman Framework", has become a de facto standard for classifying the artifacts developed in enterprise architecture. The refined models or designs supporting that answer are the detailed descriptions within the cell. Keri Anderson Healey assisted by creating a model of the models (the framework metamodel) which was also included in the article. related to those items. [citation needed], In the 1980s John Zachman had been involved at IBM in the development of business system planning (BSP), a method for analyzing, defining and designing an information architecture of organizations. Without row-six the Framework only identifies sunk-cost, but the row-six ROI permits it to measure benefits and to be used in a continuous improvement process, capturing best practices and applying them back through row-two. Rule 1: Do not add rows or columns to the framework. It has been updated several times since.[4]. & J.A. Another application of the Zachman Framework is as reference model for other enterprise architectures, see for example these four: EAP mapped to the Zachman Framework, 1999. By contrast, a travel agent company, whose business is more concerned with people and event-timing, could find it beneficial to focus their documentation efforts on Who, When, and Where columns. It may be employed in the (in that time considered more esoteric) areas of enterprise architecture, data-driven systems design, data classification criteria, and more. 2. However, there is no escaping the Why column's importance as it provides the business drivers for all the other columns. and the Zachman framework (1987). related to those items. These perspectives are represented in a two-dimensional matrix that defines along the rows the type of stakeholders and with the columns the aspects of the architecture. Caliber-RM is intended to be used as a software configuration management tool; not as an EA repository. a two-dimensional schema, used to organize the detailed representations of the enterprise. It has a matrix representation, with six rows (scope contexts, business concepts, system logic, technology physics, component assemblies, operations classes) and six columns (what, how, where, who, when, why). The diagram emphasizes the importance of the often-neglected Zachman Row-Six (the Integrated, Operational Enterprise View). Zachman in 1987 and first was named 'Information Systems Architecture'. It offers structural connections into any aspect of an enterprise. Eventually an enterprise architecture repository was created at the macro level by the Zachman framework and at a cell level by the meta-model outlined below.[39]. Originality/value This is an original research work. Mapping the IEC 62264 models onto the Zachman framework for analysing products information traceability. In 2008 Zachman Enterprise introduced the Zachman Framework: The Official Concise Definition as a new Zachman Framework standard. [26] In addition, the six categories of enterprise architecture components, and the underlying interrogatives that they answer, form the columns of the Zachman Framework and these are:[24], In Zachman's opinion, the single factor that makes his framework unique is that each element on either axis of the matrix is explicitly distinguishable from all the other elements on that axis. Zachman, however, indicates that only the facts needed to solve the problem under analysis need be populated. It provides a synoptic view of the models needed for enterprise architecture. This article fills a complete framework for the game of Baseball. & J.A. Framework for EA Direction, Description, and Accomplishment Overview. The Zachman Framework provides the thirty-six necessary categories for completely describing anything; especially complex things like manufactured goods (e.g., appliances), constructed structures (e.g., buildings), and enterprises (e.g., the organization and all of its goals, people, and technologies). [29], Since the product development (i.e., architectural artifact) in each cell or the problem solution embodied by the cell is the answer to a question from a perspective, typically, the models or descriptions are higher-level depictions or the surface answers of the cell. Enterprise Architecture Methodologies and Comparisons 1. [18] Also in 1992: John Zachman’s co-author John Sowa proposed the additions of the Scope perspective of the ‘planner’ (bounding lists common to the enterprise and its environment) and the Detailed Representation perspective of the ‘sub-contractor’ (being the out of context vendor solution components). [26] In addition, the six categories of enterprise architecture components, and the underlying interrogatives that they answer, form the columns of the Zachman Framework and these are:[24], In Zachman’s opinion, the single factor that makes his framework unique is that each element on either axis of the matrix is explicitly distinguishable from all the other elements on that axis. Further modeling by mapping between columns in the framework identifies gaps in the documented state of the organization.[12]. One of the strengths of the Zachman Framework is that it explicitly shows a comprehensive set of views that can be addressed by enterprise architecture. This section provides an introduction to the Zachman Framework, and contains the formal documentation defining its use with Enterprise Architect. [25], Each row represents a total view of the solution from a particular perspective. Document ID: 810-231-0531 [14] O'Rourke, Carol, Neal Fishman, and Warren Selkow. The Zachman Framework is a schema - the intersection between two historical classifications that have been in use for literally thousands of years. There is a sixth row in the current Zachman framework, but it is not used for enterprise architecture — while the enterprise is described by rows one to six, enterprise architecture uses only rows one to five, thus only five rows are shown here. Because a cell is created by the intersection of a perspective and a focus, each is distinctive and unique. This VA Zachman Framework Portal is still in use as a reference model for example in the determination of EA information collected from various business and project source documents. DoD Products Map to the Zachman Framework Cells, 2003. In many cases, the Zachman framework has been used as a “baseline” for developing new, modified or simplified frameworks [1,13,26,32]. Rather, the matrix is a template that must be filled in by the goals/rules, processes, material, roles, locations, and events specifically required by the organization. This organization helps ensure [24], It allows different people to look at the same thing from different perspectives. [16], The Information Systems Architecture is designed to be a classification schema for organizing architecture models. Representations in Mr. Zuech’s interpretation of Zachman row-six consist, largely, of measurable service improvements and cost savings/avoidance that result from the business process and technology innovations that were developed across rows two through five. Whereas a travel agent company, whose business is more concerned with people and event-timing, could find it beneficial to focus their documentation efforts on Who and When columns. The Zachman framework was the brainchild of John Zachman in 1987, becoming a widely used approach for engineering Enterprise Architecture. This diagram is the exclusive work of Albin Martin Zuech of Annapolis Maryland, who placed it in the public domain in 2001. [14], In the 1987 article "A Framework for Information Systems Architecture"[15] Zachman noted that the term "architecture" was used loosely by information systems professionals, and meant different things to planners, designers, programmers, communication specialists, and others. The framework is generic in that it can be used to classify the descriptive representations of any physical object as well as conceptual objects such as enterprises. The framework classifications are repressed by the Cells, that is, the intersection between the Interrogatives and the Transformations.[29]. The Zachman Framework summarizes a collection of perspectives involved in enterprise architecture. Decomposition (i.e., drill down to greater levels of detail) takes place within each cell. In the 1980s John Zachman had been involved at IBM in the development of Business System Planning (BSP), a method for analyzing, defining and designing an information architecture of organizations. The Zachman Framework isn’t exactly a methodology, at least not in the way most IT management frameworks are, mainly because it doesn’t offer specific processes for handling data. These Zachman, & J.G. It was created by J.A. Since the 1990s the Zachman Framework has been widely used as a means of providing structure for Information Engineering-style enterprise modeling. If, however, the assumptions are invalid, it is likely to increase costs and exceed the schedule for implementation. The term "Zachman Framework" has multiple meanings. The Zachman Framework goes beyond IT. Below the focus of each cell in this particular Zachman Framework is explained: Eventually the cells with the detailed representation give Rules detail for (Why); Process detail for (How); Data detail for (What); Role detail for (Who); Location detail for (Where); and Event detail for (When). If the assumptions are valid, then time and money are saved. Axis 1 - The What, How, When, Who, Where, and … Rule 2: Each column has a simple generic … SABSA uses Zachman’s six questions that we’… [24], It allows different people to look at the same thing from different perspectives. Representations in Mr. Zuech's interpretation of Zachman row-six consist, largely, of measurable service improvements and cost savings/avoidance that result from the business process and technology innovations that were developed across rows two through five. The Chief Information Officers Council (1999). The One-VA EA repository was developed using an object oriented database within the Caliber-RM Software Product. The Zachman Framework uses the method of taxonomy to organize a massive variety of documents and materials into categories that suit them. (Why) Goal List – primary high level organization goals, (How) Process List – list of all known processes, (What) Material List – list of all known organizational entities, (Who) Organizational Unit & Role List – list of all organization units, sub-units, and identified roles, (Where) Geographical Locations List – locations important to organization; can be large and small, (When) Event List – list of triggers and cycles important to organization, (Why) Goal Relationship Model – identifies hierarchy of goals that support primary goals, (Who) Organizational Unit & Role Relationship Model – identifies enterprise roles and units and the relationships between them, (Where) Locations Model – identifies enterprise locations and the relationships between them, (When) Event Model – identifies and describes events and cycles related by time, (Why) Rules Diagram – identifies and describes rules that apply constraints to processes and entities without regard to physical or technical implementation, (Who) Role Relationship Diagram – identifies and describes roles and their relations to other roles by types of deliverables without regard to physical or technical implementation, (Where) Locations Diagram – identifies and describes locations used to access, manipulate, and transfer entities and processes without regard to physical or technical implementation, (Why) Rules Specification – expressed in a formal language; consists of rule name and structured logic to specify and test rule state, (How) Process Function Specification – expressed in a technology specific language, hierarchical process elements are related by process calls, (What) Data Entity Specification – expressed in a technology specific format; each entity is defined by name, description, and attributes; shows relationships, (Who) Role Specification – expresses roles performing work and workflow components at the work product detailed specification level, (Where) Location Specification – expresses the physical infrastructure components and their connections, (When) Event Specification – expresses transformations of event states of interest to the enterprise, The TEAF matrix is called a customization sample, see. An automaker whose business goals may necessitate an inventory and process-driven focus, could find it beneficial to focus their documentation efforts on What and How columns. The second is derived from reification, the transformation of an abstract idea into an instantiation that was initially po… The Zachman Framework can be applied both in commercial companies and in government agencies. using EAP, this study will use the Zachman framework adapted to EAP. Zachman Framework is applied in customized frameworks such as the TEAF, built around the similar frameworks, the TEAF matrix. For example, the constraints of higher rows affect the rows below. The Zachman Framework The intent of The Enterprise Framework is to provide a more “human consumable” understanding of the artifacts required in Enterprise Architecture, provide templates and definitions of all of the artifacts required, and provide the Enterprise Architecture community with complete guidance on all of the framework content. Not … This methodology required them to define all aspects of the VA enterprise from a business process, data, technical, location, personnel, and requirements perspective. [18] Also in 1992: In the 1997 paper "Concepts of the Framework for Enterprise Architecture" Zachman explained that the framework should be referred to as a "Framework for Enterprise Architecture", and should have from the beginning. The representations in each cell of the matrix are not merely successive levels of increasing detail, but actually are different representations — different in context, meaning, motivation, and use. Pete Sawyer, Barbara Paech, Patrick Heymans (2007). The Framework points the vertical direction for that communication between perspectives. This framework is explained as, for example: Beside the frameworks developed by John Zachman numerous extensions and or applications have been developed, which are also sometimes called Zachman Frameworks. 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