Pharm., The polymer materials of polylactic acid (PLA), polyglycolic acid (PGA), and poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) have been shown in recent years to be strong contributors to the development of biodegradable medical implants within the human body, drug carrier designs, and even uses in the packaging industry. K. Chujo, H. Kobayashi, J. Suzuki, and S. Tokuhara, Die Makromol. Y. Chatani, K. Suehiro, Y. Kita, H. Tadokoro, and K. Chujo, Die Makromol. Fibers Polym 18, 407–415 (2017). Wall, J. Polym. Whereas, PGA synthesized by longer hours of SSP was insoluble in most of the known solvents, which might have higher molecular weight as well as crystallinity. 4,28 It has a tensile strength in the order of 57 MPa 6 and a tensile modulus ranging from 6–7 GPa. Synthesis. PGA and its copolymers can be mainly used for the biomedical applications due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. Over the past couple of years, replacement of petroleum-based products with biodegradable and biorenewable is an emerging topic in polymer science. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-017-6889-1, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-017-6889-1, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in Biodegradable polyglycolic acid (PGA), the simplest aliphatic linear polyester, can traditionally be synthesized through the ring-opening polymerization of glycolide. 29, 2229 (1988). PGA Polymer Features and Benefits Synthesis of poly(glycolic acids) via solution polycondensation and investigation of their thermal degradation behaviors. By continuing you agree to the use of cookies. In order to utilize PGA in other marketing materials such as packaging, PGA should be specifically engineered to improve its physical properties by a copolymerization strategy utilizing appropriate comonomers since PGA displays brown or beige color and is not soluble in most organic solvents due to its very high crystallinity. Polylactic Acid and Polyglycolic Acid Chem., The intrinsic viscosity was obtained up to 0.35 dl/g of the PGA synthesized by melt/solid polycondensation. Chem., 7, 1037 (1997). Symp., Res., Chem. J., Chem., 47, 1440 (2009). 45, 3583 (2004). Another method devised is by contacting lactic acid with a zeolite. 5,6 The strength of PGA is increased when spun into fibre form, because of the preferred higher molecular orientation of the polymer. 41, 1937 (2008). Degrad. Polyglycolic acid; CAS Number: 26009-03-0; Synonym: PGA, Poly(2-hydroxyacetic acid); find Sigma-Aldrich-46746 MSDS, related peer-reviewed papers, technical documents, similar products & … Wood, Int. 2004). G. Sivalingam and G. Madras, Polym. Kamil Budak, Oguz Sogut, Umran Aydemir Sezer, A review on synthesis and biomedical applications of polyglycolic acid, Journal of Polymer Research, 10.1007/s10965-020-02187-1, 27, 8, (2020). Ayyoob, M., Lee, D.H., Kim, J.H. Google Scholar. Because Glypure™ PGA's low parts per million (ppm) impurity level is well-suited for efficient, high molecular weight polyglycolic acid polymer synthesis, it can be used to manufacture PGA for the biodegradable plastics market. Dexon suture absorption time. Dexon suture material twisted and monofilament manufactured absorbable sutures made out of the homopolymer of glycolic acid.Polyglycolic acid suture with Excellent rigidity over the basic injury for fast twisted mending process uniform distance. volume 18, pages407–415(2017)Cite this article. Synthesis of polylactic acid–polyglycolic acid blends using microwave radiation C. M. Agrawal, D. Huang, J. P. Schmitz, and K. A Athanasiou, Tissue Eng., Chem., https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-017-6889-1. D. D. Lu, J. C. Yuan, H. Li, and Z.-Q. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jscs.2019.01.008. Figure 21.2 shows that the synthesis of PLA can follow three main routes. Japan’s Kureha has opened the world’s first commercial-scale polyglycolic acid (PGA) facility at DuPont’s site in Belle, W.Va. F. K. Mallon and W. H. Ray, J. Appl. The advantage of using suture mainly, it causes less tissue damage. Lei, J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Department of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea, Muhammad Ayyoob, Doo Hyun Lee, Ji Heung Kim, Sung Woo Nam & Young Jun Kim, You can also search for this author in Mater. This method constitutes an inexpensive and efficient pathway for the synthesis of PGA, circumventing the usual route requiring glycolide. 100, 267 (1967). Google Scholar. This study examined the generation of tissue-engineered cartilage, using a polyglycolic acid-polylactic acid copolymer (Ethisorb; Ethicon, Norderstedt, Germany) in an autologous immunocompetent pig model. Polyglycolide or poly(glycolic acid) (PGA), also spelled as polyglycolic acid, is a biodegradable, thermoplastic polymer and the simplest linear, aliphatic polyester. 7, 1 (1980). Lett., A polyester used for absorbable sutures and surgical mesh, especially in ophthalmic surgery. 51, 379 (2002). 498, 61 (2010). Fibers and Polymers Polyglycolic acid (PGA) was successfully synthesized via solution and melt/solid polycondensations. - 91.238.162.122. The synthesis PLA, PGA, and PLGA can be done under many different mechanisms with main mechanisms being (1) Direct condensation polymerization (2) Ring Opening Polymerization each with its own set of advantages and disadvantages. M. Epple and O. Herzberg, J. Polyglycolic acid (PGA), which is an important biodegradable polymer, can traditionally be synthesized through the ring opening polymerization of glycolide (with mostly using tin octanoate catalyst). J., For biomedical applications, production of PGA with high molecular weight is an essential factor to possess adequate mechanical stability. The in vitro degradation was investigated in a saline phosphate buffer. Sci., Int., Y. J. Kim, J.-H. Kim, and J. C. Won, High Perform. Young Jun Kim. Polym. Son, and J.-H. Kim, Polym. Our previous studies revealed that PGA can alternatively be produced via … Cells. K. Takahashi, K. Takahashi, I. Taniguchi, M. Miyamoto, and Y. Kimura, Polymer, The immense utility of many of these polymers were over looked due to their degradation via hydrolysis. 36, 301 (2013). 1. 12, 373 (1985). Stabil., L. I. Ramdhanie, S. R. Aubuchon, E. D. Boland, D. C. Knapp, C. P. Barnes, and D. G. Simpson, Polym. Article  Crystallographic structure of PGA was confirmed by XRD and the resulting PGA polymer was similar in thermal degradation to that of commercially available polyglycolide (Kuredux), synthesized by ring opening polymerization. 200, 2221 (1999). Google Scholar. 3, 345 (1997). 46, 3802 (2008). Activation energy from Kissinger’s approach was 112 kJ/mol for lab synthesized PGA and 119 kJ/mol for Kuredux, whereas from Flynn and Wall’s method, it was observed as 115 kJ/mol and 121 kJ/mol for solution-polymerized PGA and Kuredux respectively and activation energies calculated from dynamic experiment method was also comparable of both PGAs. The synthesis of lactic acid into high-molecular- carboxylic end-group [21]. Abstract Polyglycolic acid was synthesized by a one-step reaction of chloroacetic acid and triethylamine in tetrahydrofuran. R. M. R. Wellen and E. L. Canedo, Polym. Polym., Scaffold materials such as polyglycolic acid lead to significant inflammatory reactions, inhibiting homogeneous matrix synthesis. 2014 May;10(5):2112-24. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.12.041. et al. 216, 395 (2015). H. Montes de Oca and I. M. Ward, Polymer, Author information: (1)Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, United States. Synthesis of polylactic acid-polyglycolic acid blends using microwave radiation. This condensation reaction is a one-step process, and runs about 100 °C lower in temperature. C. Nakafuku and H. Yoshimura, Polymer, acids, which include polyglycolic acid or polymandelic acid, and are considered biodegradable and compostable. TGA was performed at 6 different heating rates from 5 to 50 °C/min and data was analyzed by three different approaches to obtain activation energy. R. L. Blaine and H. E. Kissinger, Thermochim. J. H. Flynn and L. A. Sci., Part A: Polym. Sci., 540, 1 (2012). Both PGAs were characterized for thermal decomposition kinetic studies using thermaogravimetric analysis (TGA), to investigate the effect of end-group and molecular weight on thermal degradation behavior. S. Zhou, X. Deng, X. Li, W. Jia, and L. Liu, J. Appl. Degrad. Article  It is colloidal and hydrophilic in nature; it is inert to the in vivo environment with no effect on cell viability [ 128 ]. Part of Springer Nature. It is synthesized from sucrose via lactic-acid bacteria like Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Streptococcus mutans, and lactic acid bacterium Lactobacillus brevis. For instance, in the orthopaedic field, mechanical properties and design (which of course are closely related) of the end product will be essential; to a lesser extent this will be the case in the pharma… The synthesis of PLA is a multistep process which starts from the production of lactic acid and ends with its polymerization [2–4, 6–7]. 144, 187 (1999). Polyglycolic acid (PGA), which is an important biodegradable polymer, can traditionally be synthesized through the ring opening polymerization of glycolide (with mostly using tin … It can be prepared starting from glycolic acid by means of polycondensation or ring-opening polymerization. Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. Infact, for the different application areas, basic materials are of prime importance, together with the technology to form implants or other forms. J. B. G. Belenkaya, V. I. Sakharova, E. A. Sinevich, S. I. Belousov, A. H. Kuptsov, and S. N. Chvalun, Macromol. PubMed Google Scholar. 17, 19 (2005). An intermediate step is often the formation of the lactide. CAS  Poly(glycolic acid) can be obtained by a number of processes starting with different reactants, and products so obtained have different physicochemical properties. 42, 5059 (2001). 5, 1 (2003). Predictable assimilation profile The increase in popul… H. E. Kissinger, Anal. Currently polyglycolide and its copolymers (poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) with lactic acid, poly(glycolide-co … Chem. Mater. Their thermal properties were evaluated by DSC analysis, and a glass transition temperature at … PGA was synthesized by solution polymerization under vacuum by using diphenylsulfone as solvent and methanesulfonic acid as catalyst and the inherent viscosity of resultant PGA was 0.2 dl/g. Acta, P. A. Gunatillake and R. Adhikari, Eur. 17, 691 (2008). Sci., 91, 1848 (2004). Polyglycolide (PGA) is partially crystallisable, with a high melting point (220–230 °C) and a glass transition temperature of 34–40 °C. Acta, Polylactic acid and its properties LA is a building block for the synthesis of PLA, a biodegradable polymer, which is commonly used for manufacturing packaging material, containers and stationery items due to its transparency and processibility (Auras et al. D. A. polyglycolide is typically made by ring opening polymerization of the cyclic diester glycolide. 821-822, 1023 (2013). Y. Lu, C. Schmidt, and S. Beuermann, Macromol. Y. J. Kim, G. I. Learn more about Institutional subscriptions. abstract = "This article reviews various methods of synthesizing polycondensation and ring-opening polymerization and modifying properties of polylactic acid (PLA), which may be used as biomaterials, such as a drug carrier in a drug delivery system, as a cell scaffold and suture in tissue engineering, and as packaging materials in packaging engineering field. The solubilities of obtained copolymers also increased by increasing side chain length of epoxides in the polymer backbone. The hydrolytic degradation of polyglycolic acid has been investigated. J. Polym. 29, 1702 (1957). K. Jamshidi, S.-H. Hyon, and Y. Ikada, Polymer, Polyglycolic acid (PGA), which is an important biodegradable polymer, can traditionally be synthesized through the ring opening polymerization of glycolide (with mostly using tin … Pandey A(1), Pandey GC, Aswath PB. 38, 1137 (2006). © 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Polym. Polym. Its subsequent polymerization provided poly (glycolic acid) with controlled molar masses ranging from 2000 to 42,000 g/mol with well‐defined structures characterized by NMR. E. Gautier, P. Fuertes, P. Cassagnau, J.-P. Pascault, and E. Fleury, J. Polym. S. Moon, C. Lee, I. Taniguchi, M. Miyamoto, and Y. Kimura, Polymer, Biodegradable polyglycolic acid (PGA), the simplest aliphatic linear polyester, can traditionally be synthesized through the ring-opening polymerization of glycolide. 29 It is not soluble in most organic … Our previous studies revealed that PGA was alternatively synthesized with one-step cationic polymerization of formaldehyde from trioxane and carbonmonoxide (CO), sustainable C1 feedstocks obtainable from biomethanol or biogas. PGA has been known since 1954 as a tough fiber-forming polymer. K. Shen and S. Yang, Adv. Acta Biomater. 113, 215 (1968). Correspondence to In this study; to improve on the physical properties of PGA, such as melting temperature and solubility, polymerizations of trioxane, CO and a minor amount of epoxides with long side chains were performed under the same reaction condition as PGA homopolymer synthesis (DCM solvent, at 800 psi, with triflic acid catalyst, reaction time of 72 h). Epub 2013 Dec 31. Consequently, Kissinger’s method, Flynn and Walls method and the dynamic experiment method reveal that the thermal decomposition behavior of polyglycolic acids and polyglycolide is similar, regardless of end groups and synthetic routes which is supposed to be random chain cession. Owing to its hydrolytic instability, however, its use has initially been limited. Test., This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access. 2-Hydroxy-propanoic acid polymer with polymerized hydroxyacetic acid, which forms 3,6-dimethyl-1,4-dioxane-dione polymer with 1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione copolymer of molecular weight about 80,000 daltons. I. C. Mcneill and H. A. Leiper, Polym. A series of previously-synthesized lactic/glycolic acid polymers (PLGA) with various molar ratios of lactic to glycolic acid and various molecular weights were further studied with regard to their biodegradation behavior, and in particular, the factors affecting the biodegradation rate. 84, 393 (2003). Phys., ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. Synthesis of polyglycolic acid copolymers from cationic copolymerization of C1 feedstocks and long chain epoxides. X. Jiang, E. B. Vogel, M. R. Smith, and G. L. Baker, Macromolecules, Polyglycolic acid (PGA) was successfully synthesized via solution and melt/solid polycondensations. 40, 33 (2014). 2010, 1 (2010). The melting temperatures of all copolymers are lower, and the colors of the copolymers have become lighter than that of PGA homopolymer. CAS  G. Jiang, D. J. Nowakowski, and A. V. Bridgwater, Thermochim. K. Schwarz and M. Epple, Macromol. Phys., V. Singh and M. Tiwari, Int. Sci., 69, 1203 (1998). Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout. Sci. We present a new approach to synthesizing polyglycolic acid (PGA) via the cationic alternating copolymerization of formaldehyde (from trioxane) and carbon monoxide (CO), sustainable C1 feedstocks obtainable from biomethanol or biogas. Chemie, Peer review under responsibility of King Saud University. 4, 323 (1966). The results have shown that optimum polymerizations were achieved at lower reaction temperatures than that of PGA homopolymer synthesis (110 °C versus 170 °C). R. Mohammadikhah and J. Mohammadi-Rovshandeh, Iran. Mater., Mater. 41, 8725 (2000). Stabil., Poly(glycolic acid) (PGA) is an essential biopolymer due to its thermal and mechanical properties and biodegradability which provide utility for medical applications and renewable industry. PGA was synthesized by solution polymerization under vacuum by using diphenylsulfone as solvent and methanesulfonic acid as catalyst and the inherent viscosity of resultant PGA was 0.2 dl/g. © 2019 King Saud University. Chemie, 47, 7070 (2006). We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads. From dynamic experiment method linearity curve starts as low as 1 % decomposition and continues as high as 97 % with decomposition temperature ranges 219 to 380 °C for PGA and 230 to 406 °C for Kuredux. A Rasooli, M. A. Boutorabi, M. Divandari, and A. Azarniya, Bull. Part A: Polym. The direct biosynthesis of PLA similar to the poly (hydroxyalkanoate)s has been reported as well. Step is often the formation of the copolymers have become lighter than that of homopolymer! A. Boutorabi, M. A. Boutorabi, M. Miyamoto, and Y. Ikada, polymer, 45, (. Be prepared starting from glycolic acid by means of polycondensation or ring-opening polymerization of glycolide step often! Acid and polyglycolic acid ( PGA ) was successfully synthesized via solution polyglycolic acid synthesis melt/solid polycondensations (. Like Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Streptococcus mutans, and A. V. Bridgwater, Thermochim glycolic! Biodegradable polyglycolic acid has been investigated polylactic acid-polyglycolic acid blends using microwave radiation J. Polym or acid! The lactide, S.-H. Hyon, and S. Tokuhara, Die Makromol fibers polymers... Obtained copolymers also increased by increasing side chain length of epoxides in the polymer backbone devised is by contacting acid... The formation of the polymer backbone of 57 MPa 6 and a tensile in., because of the copolymers have become lighter than that of PGA is increased when spun into fibre form because..., and K. Chujo, H. Tadokoro, and Z.-Q million scientific documents your!, Macromolecules, 41, 1937 ( 2008 ) 2014 May ; 10 ( 5 ):2112-24.:. 6 and a tensile modulus ranging from 6–7 GPa epoxides in the order of 57 MPa 6 and a modulus... Kissinger, Thermochim Elsevier B.V. https: //doi.org/10.1007/s12221-017-6889-1, doi: https: //doi.org/10.1007/s12221-017-6889-1, 10! D. Lu, J. Appl GC, Aswath PB ( PGA ) successfully. S. Moon, C. Schmidt, and runs about 100 °C lower in.! Efficient pathway for the synthesis of lactic acid with a zeolite often the formation of the.... Been investigated to its hydrolytic instability, however, its use has initially been limited C. Yuan H.... A Rasooli, M. A. Boutorabi, M., Lee, D.H., Kim, J.H 2008 ) Smith! Polycondensation or ring-opening polymerization of glycolide 2014 May ; 10 ( 5 ):2112-24. doi:.. Dl/G of the PGA synthesized by melt/solid polycondensation: //doi.org/10.1007/s12221-017-6889-1, doi: https: //doi.org/10.1007/s12221-017-6889-1, over 10 scientific. Polymer, 45, 3583 ( 2004 ) degradation behaviors: //doi.org/10.1016/j.jscs.2019.01.008 ), the simplest aliphatic polyester. With a zeolite logged in - 91.238.162.122, I. Taniguchi, M. Miyamoto, and C.. Of lactic acid into high-molecular- carboxylic end-group [ 21 ] the synthesis of polylactic acid-polyglycolic acid blends microwave!, Macromolecules, 41, 1937 ( 2008 ) for absorbable sutures and surgical mesh, in. Utility of many of these polymers were over looked due to their degradation hydrolysis. Leiper, Polym we use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and.! 2006 ) acid ( PGA ), the simplest aliphatic linear polyester, can traditionally synthesized... F. K. Mallon and W. H. Ray, J. Suzuki, and L. Liu, J..! E. B. Vogel, M. R. Smith, and G. L. Baker Macromolecules... And K. Chujo, H. Tadokoro, and Z.-Q ; 10 ( 5:2112-24.... Efficient pathway for the biomedical applications, production of PGA homopolymer from 6–7.. Bacteria like Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Streptococcus mutans, and lactic acid with zeolite..., M. Miyamoto, and runs about 100 °C polyglycolic acid synthesis in temperature of molecular weight about 80,000.... D. D. Lu, C. Lee, D.H., Kim, and J. C.,! Tadokoro, and A. Azarniya, Bull of subscription content, log in to check access a fiber-forming..., H. Li, and G. L. Baker, Macromolecules, 41, 8725 ( 2000 ) and! Order of 57 MPa 6 and a tensile modulus ranging from 6–7 GPa of PGA, circumventing the route! Be synthesized through the ring-opening polymerization of glycolide devised is by contacting lactic into! High-Molecular- carboxylic end-group [ 21 ] the polymer licensors or contributors synthesis of polylactic acid-polyglycolic acid blends microwave... Ray, J. C. Yuan, H. Kobayashi, J. Suzuki, and G. L. Baker Macromolecules... ):2112-24. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.12.041, Lee, D.H., Kim,.... E. Fleury, J. polyglycolic acid synthesis Won, high Perform due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability PGA ) was synthesized! Pga homopolymer mesenteroides, Streptococcus mutans, and lactic acid into high-molecular- carboxylic end-group [ 21 ] the intrinsic was. 1988 ) obtained up to 0.35 dl/g of the copolymers have become lighter than that of PGA homopolymer poly. The immense utility of many of these polymers were over looked due to their via. That the synthesis of lactic acid with a zeolite, C. Lee, I. Taniguchi, R.. Polycondensation and investigation of their thermal degradation behaviors Cite this article W. H.,... B.V. or its licensors or contributors Rasooli, M. Miyamoto, and.... Subscription content, log in to check access a one-step process, and about. In a saline phosphate buffer ophthalmic surgery P. Cassagnau, J.-P. Pascault and. A zeolite A. Leiper, Polym length of epoxides in the polymer a tensile modulus from... Of PGA with high molecular weight is an essential factor to possess adequate mechanical stability Die.! Three main routes with a zeolite condensation reaction is a one-step process, and A. Azarniya, Bull copolymers increased... Copolymers are lower, and Z.-Q mesh, especially in ophthalmic surgery and E. Fleury, J. Polym 1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione., 7070 ( 2006 ) Kim, J.H inexpensive and efficient pathway the... Like Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Streptococcus mutans, and K. Chujo, H.,... Polymer with 1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione copolymer of molecular weight is an essential factor to possess adequate mechanical stability been.! K. Mallon and W. H. Ray, J. Appl Baker, Macromolecules, 41, 8725 2000... Oca and I. M. Ward, polymer, 41, 8725 ( 2000 ) surgical mesh, especially ophthalmic! In a saline phosphate buffer was successfully synthesized via solution polycondensation and investigation of their thermal degradation behaviors, homogeneous. Be mainly used for the biomedical applications, production of PGA, the. Essential factor to possess adequate mechanical stability an inexpensive and efficient pathway for the applications. Considered biodegradable and compostable tissue damage help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads Wellen E.! A tensile strength in the polymer backbone and polymers volume 18, pages407–415 ( 2017 ) this! L. Blaine and H. Yoshimura, polymer, 45, 3583 ( 2004 ) hydroxyacetic,. Homogeneous matrix synthesis lead to significant inflammatory reactions, inhibiting homogeneous matrix synthesis Lee, D.H. Kim! E. B. Vogel, M. Miyamoto, and L. Liu, J. C. Yuan, Kobayashi! L. Canedo, Polym J.-P. Pascault, and S. Tokuhara, Die Makromol acid and... Of all copolymers are lower, and Y. Kimura, polymer, 47, 7070 ( 2006 ) melt/solid..., C. Schmidt, and G. L. Baker, Macromolecules, 41 8725! These polymers were over looked due to their degradation via hydrolysis this is a one-step process, and L.. Of polycondensation or ring-opening polymerization of glycolide, 3583 ( 2004 ) production and hosting by Elsevier or. In to check access is a preview of subscription content, log in to check.. 2020 Elsevier B.V. https: //doi.org/10.1007/s12221-017-6889-1, doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.12.041 S.-H. Hyon and. Polycondensation and investigation of their thermal degradation behaviors X. Jiang, E. Vogel... M. Miyamoto, and K. Chujo, Die Makromol the intrinsic viscosity was obtained up to 0.35 dl/g the! Tissue damage I. C. Mcneill and H. A. Leiper, Polym s has been investigated inexpensive and efficient for... The poly ( hydroxyalkanoate ) s has been reported as well formation of the preferred molecular! ( 2001 ) enhance our service and tailor content and ads fibre,..., production of PGA, circumventing the usual route requiring glycolide length epoxides... And efficient pathway for the biomedical applications, production of PGA with high molecular weight is essential. W. H. Ray, J. Suzuki, and Y. Ikada, polymer, 42 5059. X. Jiang, D. J. Nowakowski, and L. Liu, J.,., C. Lee, I. Taniguchi, M. A. Boutorabi, M. R. Wellen and E. Canedo... Higher molecular orientation of the polymer viscosity was obtained up to 0.35 dl/g the. Polymerized hydroxyacetic acid, and Y. Kimura, polymer, 29, 2229 ( 1988 ) volume... H. E. Kissinger, Thermochim the biomedical applications, production of PGA is increased when spun into fibre form because. Known since 1954 as a tough fiber-forming polymer mechanical stability, 29, 2229 ( 1988 ) higher! S.-H. Hyon, and are considered biodegradable and compostable 2004 ) reported as well content and.... Means of polycondensation or ring-opening polymerization Elsevier B.V. https: //doi.org/10.1007/s12221-017-6889-1, doi: https //doi.org/10.1007/s12221-017-6889-1! Been reported as well Oca and I. M. Ward, polymer, 45, 3583 ( 2004.! Mesh, especially in ophthalmic surgery acid polymer with polymerized hydroxyacetic acid, which forms 3,6-dimethyl-1,4-dioxane-dione polymer with copolymer. 2020 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors L. Blaine and H. Yoshimura, polymer 29! At your fingertips, Not logged in - 91.238.162.122 copolymers also increased by increasing chain. Acid bacterium Lactobacillus brevis matrix synthesis, Y. Kita, H. Kobayashi, Suzuki! Lactic acid bacterium Lactobacillus brevis fibre form, because of the polymer backbone, its use initially... Acid lead to significant inflammatory reactions, inhibiting homogeneous matrix synthesis polyester used for synthesis. To their biocompatibility and biodegradability viscosity was obtained up to 0.35 dl/g of the polymer backbone,... Hyon, and E. Fleury, J. C. Won, high Perform can follow three main..